It was also made clear that it was Harry himself who is going through his communication deciding on what might be relevant to the case/the opposing party. That also seemed an unpleasant surprise for the judge...
That is the point which most surprised me. Is it a known practice for (premium) attorneys to permit their clients (who have no legal training) to decide for themselves which documents are legally required to be disclosed? One of his attorneys defends it by saying the Duke is "an old hand at disclosure" from having been through a previous lawsuit, but by that logic, why should the Duke need lawyers at all for this lawsuit (shouldn't he be fine representing himself without legal assistance since, by his attorney's logic, he is "an old hand" at formulating legal submissions, responding to legal arguments, etc.)?
For other readers, this is the quote from the judge cited in the Standard's report:
“The majority of the searching for, and selection of, documents to disclose has been dealt with by the Duke himself in California,” said the judge.
A solicitor suggested Harry is an “old hand at dealing with disclosure”, after a previous legal battle against the publisher of the Daily Mirror over phone hacking.
But the judge found that he may not understand the kind of documents that have to be handed over relating the first time he became aware of a possible case against NGN.
“The knowledge issue is a subtle one and it’s a broad disclosure issue,” he said.
“Sometimes I have the impression in this claim that even the claimant’s lawyers don’t seem to fully grapple with the knowledge issue, despite it having been spelled out in the defendant’s correspondence.
“It would be not at all surprising if the claimant himself didn’t fully understand or grapple with it.”
The judge added: “It is not appropriate in my judgement, in a case of this nature, for searches of documentation and assessment of relevance to be left to the claimant personally.”
I'm definitely not an expert in the British system, but here in the states (closely modeled on the British system), destroying evidence relevant to the case can result in multiple kinds of sanctions, including: (1) monetary sanctions (usually being required to pay the fees the opposing party has incurred in litigating the issue of whether the evidence was destroyed, but in more severe cases, a punitive monetary fine); (2) being precluded from making certain arguments in support of your case; (3) the dismissal of certain parts (or all) of your case. In some egregious cases, the attorneys can be personally sanctioned.
One of the very first things we do in all our cases is send a letter to our client informing them of their obligation to preserve all evidence related to their case, no matter how tangential, where it exists, or in what form. We had a case recently where a huge tech giant had to pay us millions of dollars in sanctions for failing to preserve evidence that was deleted pursuant to the company's 4-year automatic deletion policy. It's something courts take extremely seriously, so I hope Harry's attorneys have a good explanation for where all those texts went.
The UK civil court rules of procedure regarding disclosure also indicate that failure to disclose relevant documents or deleting relevant electronic documents are in violation of the rules, although there is apparently no automatic sanction for such violations.
www.justice.gov.uk
Procedure for standard disclosure
31.10
(1) The procedure for standard disclosure is as follows.
(2) Each party must make and serve on every other party, a list of documents in the relevant practice form.
[...]
(5) The list must include a disclosure statement.
(6) A disclosure statement is a statement made by the party disclosing the documents –
(a) setting out the extent of the search that has been made to locate documents which he is required to disclose;
(b) certifying that he understands the duty to disclose documents; and
(c) certifying that to the best of his knowledge he has carried out that duty.
[...]
Consequence of failure to disclose documents or permit inspection
31.21 A party may not rely on any document which he fails to disclose or in respect of which he fails to permit inspection unless the court gives permission.
[...]
False disclosure statements
31.23
(1) Proceedings for contempt of court may be brought against a person if he makes, or causes to be made, a false disclosure statement, without an honest belief in its truth.
www.justice.gov.uk
Preservation of documents
7 As soon as litigation is contemplated, the parties’ legal representatives must notify their clients of the need to preserve disclosable documents. The documents to be preserved include Electronic Documents which would otherwise be deleted in accordance with a document retention policy or otherwise deleted in the ordinary course of business.