List of British Monarchs


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Blog Real

Blog Real

Imperial Majesty
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Lisboa
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Portugal
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  1. Alfred the Great (871-899) m. Ealhswith
  2. Edward the Elder (899-924) m. 1.Ecgwynn 2.Ælfflæd 3.Eadgifu
  3. Æthelstan (924-939)
  4. Edmund I (939-946) m. 1.Ælfgifu 2.Æthelflæd
  5. Eadred (946-955)
  6. Eadwig (955-959) m. Ælfgifu
  7. Edgar (959-975) m. 1.Æthelflæd 2.Wulfthryth 3.Ælfthryth
  8. Edward the Martyr (975-978)
  9. Ethelred II 'The Unready' (978-1013 and 1014-1016) m. 1. Ælfgifu of York 2. Emma of Normandy
  10. Sweyn (1013-1014) m. 1. Świętosława 2. Sigrid 3. Gunhild
  11. Edmund II 'Ironside' (Apr - Nov 1016) m. Ealdgyth
  12. Canute 'The Great' (1016-1035) m. 1. Ælfgifu of Northampton 2. Emma of Normandy
  13. Harold Harefoot (1035-1040) m. Ælfgifu
  14. Hardicanute (1035-1042)
  15. Edward III 'The Confessor' (1042-1066) m. Edith of Wessex
  16. Harold II (Jan - Oct 1066) m. 1. Edith the Fair 2. Edith of Mercia
  17. Edgar Atheling (Oct - Dec 1066)
  18. William I 'The Conqueror' (1066-1087) m. Matilda of Flanders Normandy
  19. William II (Known as William Rufus) (1087-1100)
  20. Henry I 'Beauclerc' (1100-1135) m. 1. Matilda of Scotland 2. Adeliza of Louvain
  21. Stephen of Blois (1135-1154) m. Matilda of Boulogne
  22. Henry II 'Curtmantle' (1154-1189) m. Eleanor of Aquitaine
  23. Richard I Coeur de Lion ('The Lionheart') (1189-1199) m. Berengaria of Navarre
  24. John Lackland (1199-1216) m. 1. Isabel of Gloucester 2. Isabella of Angoulême
  25. Henry III (1216-1272) m. Eleanor of Provence
  26. Edward I 'Longshanks' (1272-1307) m. 1. Eleanor of Castile 2. Margaret of France
  27. Edward II (1307-1327) m. Isabella of France
  28. Edward III (1327-1377) m. Philippa of Hainault
  29. Richard II (1377-1399) m. 1. Anne of Bohemia 2. Isabella of Valois
  30. Henry IV (1399-1413) m. 1. Mary de Bohun 2. Joanna of Navarre
  31. Henry V (1413-1422) m. Catherine of Valois
  32. Henry VI (1422-1461 and 1470-1471) m. Margaret of Anjou
  33. Edward IV (1461-1470 and 1471-1483) m. Elizabeth Woodville
  34. Edward V (Apr-Jun 1483)
  35. Richard III (1483-1485) m. Anne Neville
  36. Henry VII (1485-1509) m. Elizabeth of York
  37. Henry VIII (1509-1547) m. 1.Catherine of Aragon 2.Anne Boleyn 3.Jane Seymour 4.Anne of Cleves 5.Catherine Howard 6.Catherine Parr
  38. Edward VI (1547-1553)
  39. Lady Jane Grey (10-19 July 1553) m. Guildford Dudley
  40. Mary I (1553-1558) m. Felipe II of Spain
  41. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
  42. James I (1603-1625) m. Anne of Denmark
  43. Charles I (1625-1649) m. Henrietta Maria of France
  44. Charles II (1660-1685) m. Catherine of Braganza
  45. James II (1685-1688) m. 1. Anne Hyde 2. Mary of Modena
  46. William III (1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)
  47. Anne (1702-1714) m. George of Denmark
  48. George I (1714-1727) m. Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle
  49. George II (1727-1760) m. Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
  50. George III (1760-1820) m. Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  51. George IV (1820-1830) m. 1. Maria Fitzherbert 2. Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
  52. William IV (1830-1837) m. Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
  53. Victoria (1837-1901) m. Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  54. Edward VII (1901-1910) m. Alexandra of Denmark
  55. George V (1910-1936) m. Mary of Teck
  56. Edward VIII (Jan-Dec 1936) m. Wallis Simpson
  57. George VI (1936-1952) m. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
  58. Elizabeth II (1952-2022) m. Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
  59. Charles III (2022-) m. 1.Diana Spencer 2.Camilla Shand
 
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Blog Real, Thank you for including Empress Matilda (Queen Maud) in the list. King Henry I had designated her as his successor.
 
How do the Danes refer to the House of Glucksbourg. Both QM and The Duke of Edinburgh are male line descendants of Elimar, Count of Oldenburg.
 
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Rudolph said:
How do the Danes refer to the House of Glucksbourg. Both QM and The Duke of Edinburgh are male line descendants of Elimar, Count of Oldenburg.
Click to expand...

I'm not sure if I understood the question, but the Danish version of Glucksbourg is Glücksborg.
 
Mbruno said:
I don't think "ü" exists in Danish spelling. Since it is a German name, wouldn't it make more sense to write"Glücksburg" (as in German) instead of mixing German and Danish as in "Glücksborg" ?



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet#Danish
Click to expand...


That's an interesting point. The Norwegians do use the German spelling. Considering the Norwegian royal house was founded by a Danish prince and the similarity of the languages, I wonder what caused the difference.
 
Rudolph said:
How do the Danes refer to the House of Glucksbourg. Both QM and The Duke of Edinburgh are male line descendants of Elimar, Count of Oldenburg.
Click to expand...
The name of the Royal House is Glücksborg in the same way as the name of the previous main line is Oldenborg. While the Danish name of the town of Glücksburg is Lyksborg I'm certain that the nationalistic fervour whipped up during the Wars of Schleswig-Holstein made it imperative for the new King Christian IX to seem as Danish as possible and at the same time retain the name of his house.
 
JR76 said:
The name of the Royal House is Glücksborg in the same way as the name of the previous main line is Oldenborg. While the Danish name of the town of Glücksburg is Lyksborg I'm certain that the nationalistic fervour whipped up during the Wars of Schleswig-Holstein made it imperative for the new King Christian IX to seem as Danish as possible and at the same time retain the name of his house.
Click to expand...

Interesting. I may have misunderstood your explanation, but given that Lyksborg sounds more Danish than Glücksborg why was "House of Lyksborg" not an option?
 
Harold II held the crown of England for just ten months in 1066. There is no record of Harold's reign in the Domesday Book. Why? Is it because the Normans did not recognize the reign of Harold II?
 
I have always had a difficult time understanding why the line went from Queen Ann of the royal house of Stuart to King George of Hanover.
From Stuart to Hanover rather than from Stuart to Plantagenants for instance.
 
List of Monarchs of Scotland
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  1. Kenneth I (843–858)
  2. Donald I (858–862)
  3. Constantine I (862–877)
  4. Aed (877–878)
  5. Eochaid (878–889) (disputed)
  6. Giric (878–889)
  7. Donald II (889–890)
  8. Constantine II (900–943)
  9. Malcolm I (943–954)
  10. Indulf (954–962)
  11. Dub (962–967)
  12. Culen (967–971)
  13. Amlaíb (971-977) (disputed)
  14. Kenneth II (971–995)
  15. Constantine III (995–997)
  16. Kenneth III (997–1005)
  17. Malcolm II (1005–1034)
  18. Duncan I (1034-1040) m. Suthen
  19. Macbeth (1040-1058) m. Gruoch
  20. Lulach (1057-1058)
  21. Malcolm III (1058-1093) m. 1.Ingibiorg Finnsdottir 2.Margaret of Wessex
  22. Donald Bane (1093-1097)
  23. Duncan II (1094)
  24. Edgar (1097-1107)
  25. Alexander I (1107-1124) m. Sybilla of Normandy
  26. David I (1124-1153) m. Maud, Countess of Huntingdon
  27. Malcolm IV (1153-1165)
  28. William I (1165-1214) m. Ermengarde de Beaumont
  29. Alexander II (1214-1249) m. 1.Joan of England 2.Marie de Coucy
  30. Alexander III (1249-1286) m. 1.Margaret of England 2.Yolande de Dreux
  31. Margaret (1286-1290)
  32. John Balliol (1292-1296) m. Isabella de Warenne
  33. Robert I Bruce (1306-1329) m. 1.Isabella of Mar 2.Elizabeth de Burgh
  34. David II (1329-1371) m. 1.Joan of England 2.Margaret Drummond
  35. Robert II (1371-1390) m. 1.Elizabeth Mure 2.Euphemia de Ross
  36. Robert III (1390-1406) m. Anabella Drummond
  37. James I (1406-1437) m. Joan Beaufort
  38. James II (1437-1460) m. Mary of Guelders
  39. James III (1460-1488) m. Margaret of Denmark
  40. James IV (1488-1513) m. Margaret Tudor
  41. James V (1513-1542) m. 1. Madeleine of France 2. Mary of Guise
  42. Mary (1542-1567) m. 1.Francis II of France 2.Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 3.James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
  43. James VI (1567-1625) (King of England 1603) m. Anne of Denmark

Kingdom of Kent (450 – 871):
  1. Horsa (AD 449-455)
  2. Hengest (455-488)
  3. Aesc (488-512)
  4. Octa (512-unknown)
  5. Eormenric (unknown-562)
  6. Aethelberht I (562-618) Third Bretwalda - First Christian King of Kent
  7. Eadbald (618-640)
  8. Earconberht (640-664)
  9. Ecgberht I (664-673)
  10. Hlothhere (673-685)
  11. Eadric (685-687)
  12. Oswine (687-691)
  13. Wihtraed (691-725)
  14. Aethelberht II (725-762)
  15. Eadberht I (725-763)
  16. Eardwulf (747-765)
  17. Sigeraed (762)
  18. Eanmund (762)
  19. Heahberht (764-765)
  20. Ecgberht II (765-780)
  21. Ealhmund (780-784)
  22. Eadberht Praen (784-798)
  23. Eadwald (798)
  24. Cuthraed (798-807)
  25. Baldraed (807-825)

Kingdom of Essex (527 – 812):
  1. Aescwine (c. 527-587)
  2. Sledda (c. 587-603)
  3. Saeberht (c. 603-616) First Christian King of Essex
  4. Sexraed (c. 616-617)
  5. Saeward (c. 616-617)
  6. Sigeberht I (c. 617-653)
  7. Sigeberht II (c. 653-660)
  8. Swithhelm (c. 660-665)
  9. Sighere (c. 665-685)
  10. Saebbi (c. 665-695)
  11. Sigeheard (c. 695-708)
  12. Offa (c. 708-709)
  13. Saelraed (c. 709-746)
  14. Swithraed (c. 746-758)
  15. Sigeric (c. 758-798)
  16. Sigeraed (798-825) from 812 to about 825 held it only as dux.

Kingdom of Mercia (527 – 919):
  1. Icel (c. 488-c. 501)
  2. Cnebba (c. 501-c. 566)
  3. Cynewald (c. 566-584)
  4. Créoda (584-593)
  5. Pybba (593-606)
  6. Céorl (606-626)
  7. Penda (626-655)
  8. Éowa (?-642)
  9. Péada (c. 653-656)
  10. Wulfhere (658-675)
  11. Æþelred (I) (675-704)
  12. Cœnred (704-709)
  13. Céolred (709-716)
  14. Céolwald (716)
  15. Æþelbald (716-757)
  16. Béornred (757)
  17. Offa (757-796)
  18. Egfriþ (787-796)
  19. Cœnwulf (796-821)
  20. Cynehelm (St Kenelm) (812 or 821)
  21. Céolwulf (I) (821-823)
  22. Béornwulf (823-826)
  23. Ludeca (826-827)
  24. Wigláf (first reign) (827-829)
  25. Wigláf (second reign) (830-840)
  26. Wigmund (c. 840)
  27. Wigstan (840)
  28. Béorhtwulf (840-852)
  29. Burgred (852-874)
  30. Céolwulf (II) (874-883)
  31. Æþelred (II) (883-911)
  32. Æþelflæd (911-918)
  33. Ælfwynn (918-919)

Kingdom of Wessex (519 – 927):
  1. Cerdic (519–534)
  2. Creoda (534?) Likely disputed
  3. Cynric (534–560)
  4. Ceawlin (560–591)
  5. Ceol (591–597)
  6. Ceolwulf (597–611)
  7. Cynegils (611–643)
  8. Cwichelm (626–636)
  9. Cenwalh (643–645)
  10. Centwine (probable) (645–648)
  11. Cenwalh (648–672) (restored to the throne)
  12. Seaxburh (672–674)
  13. Cenfus (674)
  14. Aescwine (674–676)
  15. Centwine (676–685)
  16. Caedwalla (685–688)
  17. Ine (688–726)
  18. Athelheard (726–740)
  19. Cuthred (740–756)
  20. Sigeberht (756–757)
  21. Cynewulf (757–786)
  22. Beorhtric (786–802)
  23. Egbert (802–839)
  24. Athelwulf (839–858)
  25. Athelbald (858–860)
  26. Athelbert (860–865)
  27. Athelred (865–871)
  28. Alfred the Great (871–899)
  29. Edward the Elder (899–924)
  30. Alfweard (924), son of Edward, ruled for 16 days.
  31. Athelstan (924–927), after 927 ruled as King of the English.
 
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Kingdom of Powys (5th century – 1160):
House of Gwerthrynion:
  1. Gwrtheyrn (High-King Vortigern), married to Sevira, daughter of Magnus Maximus
  2. Cadeyern Fendigaid (c. 430–447); reputed eldest son of Gwrtheyrn, blessed by Saint Germanus
House of Ternyllwg:
  1. Cadell Ddyrnllwg (c. 447–460)
  2. Rhyddfedd Frych (c. 480)
  3. Cyngen Glodrydd (c. 500)
  4. Pasgen ap Cyngen (c. 530)
  5. Morgan ap Pasgen (c. 540)
  6. Brochwel Ysgithrog (c. 550)
  7. Iago ap Brochwel (?–582)
  8. Cynan Garwyn (582–610)
  9. Selyf ap Cynan (610–613)
  10. Manwgan ap Selyf (613)
  11. Eiludd Powys (613–?)
  12. Beli ap Eiludd (c. 655)
  13. Gwylog ap Beli (695–725)
  14. Elisedd ap Gwylog (725–755?)
  15. Brochfael ap Elisedd (755?–773)
  16. Cadell ap Brochfael (773–808)
  17. Cyngen ap Cadell (808–854); throne usurped by Gwynedd and exiled to Rome where the family endured
House of Manaw:
  1. Rhodri Mawr (854–878) of Gwynedd, inheriting through his mother
  2. Merfyn ap Rhodri (878–900)
  3. Llywelyn ap Merfyn (900–942)
  4. Hywel Dda (942–950); usurped from the Aberffraw line
  5. Owain ap Hywel (950–986); ruled thereafter by a cadet branch of the House of Dinefwr, establishing the Mathrafal dynasty of rulers
  6. Maredudd ap Owain (986–999)
  7. Llywelyn ap Seisyll (999–1023), son of Anghered by her first husband. Anghered was the daughter of Maredudd ab Owain.
  8. Rhydderch ap Iestyn (1023–1033)
  9. Iago ap Idwal (1033–1039)
  10. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1039–1063)
Mathrafal Princes of Powys:
  1. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (1063–1075) and Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (1063–1070) (co-rulers)
  2. Iorwerth ap Bleddyn (1075–1103; part)
  3. Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1075–1111; part)
  4. Owain ap Cadwgan (1111–1116; part)
  5. Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1116–1132)
  6. Madog ap Maredudd (1132–1160)

Regional Kingdoms of Wales:
Ceredigion:
  1. Ceredig ap Cunedda (424–453)
  2. Usai (453–490)
  3. Serwyl (490–525)
  4. Boddw (525–560)
  5. Arthfoddw (560–595)
  6. Arthlwys (595–630)
  7. Clydog I (630–665)
Dyfed:
  1. Anwn Ddu (Welsh rendering of Antonius the Black). According to Welsh legend, born in Greece, and later appointed to the rule of Demetia (Dyfed) by Magnus Maximus. Also known as Anwn Dynod (rendering Antonius Donatus). Realm included Gwent and Brycheiniog.
  2. Ednyfed - realm also included the Caer-Went part of Gwent (his brother received the remainder)
  3. Clotri
  4. Triffyn Farfog
  5. Aergol Lawhir (?-c. 515)
  6. Vortiporius (c. 540)
  7. Arthur ap Pedr
  8. Cloten (c. 630) married Ceindrech of Brycheiniog, uniting the two kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog
  9. Rhain ap Cadwgan (c. 690-740) - also king of Brycheiniog. On his death, his kingdoms were divided again by his sons.
  10. Tewdwr ap Rhain
  11. Maredudd ap Tewdws (c. 740–797)
  12. Rhain ap Maredudd (c. 797–808)
  13. Owain ap Maredudd (c. 808–810)
  14. Triffyn ap Rhain (?-c. 814)
  15. Hyfaidd
  16. Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (c. 893-904)
  17. Rhodri ap Hyfaidd (c. 904-905)
  18. Hywel Dda ("Hywel the Good") (c. 905-909), an invader from Seisllywg who conquered Dyfed (but later chronicles claim he acquired it by marrying Llywarch's daughter)
Seisyllwg:
  1. Seisyll ap Clydog, prince of Ceredigion (eponym and possibly founder of Seisyllwg)
  2. Arthen (?-807)
  3. Dyfnwallon
  4. Meurig of Seisyllwg
  5. Gwgon of Seisyllwg (?-c. 870/871)
  6. Angharad ferch Meurig (?-872) and Rhodri the Great (?–873/877/878) - stewards
  7. Cadell ap Rhodri, second son of Anghared and Rhodri (872–909)
  8. Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (909-920) - he ruled Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter merged it with Dyfed into Deheubarth
Deheubarth:
  1. Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (920–950)[35]
  2. His son, Owain ap Hywel (950–986)
  3. Rhodri ap Hywel (950–953) and
  4. Edwin ap Hywel (950–954)
  5. Owain ap Hywel's son, Maredudd ab Owain (986–999)
  6. Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005)
  7. the sons of Einion ab Owain (brother of Maredudd ab Owain), who ruled jointly:
  8. Edwin ab Einion (1005–1018)
  9. Cadell ab Einion (1005–1018)
  10. Llywelyn ap Seisyll, prince of Gwynedd (1018–1023)
  11. Rhydderch ap Iestyn, prince of Glywysing (1023–1033)
  12. Edwin ab Einion's son, Hywel ab Edwin (1033–1044)
  13. Rhydderch ap Iestyn's son, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (1047–1055)
  14. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063)
  15. Edwin ab Einion's grandson, Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin (1063–1072)
  16. his brother, Rhys ab Owain (1072–1078)
  17. his second cousin, Rhys ap Tewdwr (1078–1093)
    Deheubarth was in the possession of the Normans from 1093 to 1155
  18. Gruffydd ap Rhys (1116–1137) ruled a portion of Deheubarth with Norman permission
  19. his son, Anarawd ap Gruffydd (1136–1143)
  20. his brother, Cadell ap Gruffydd (1143–1151)
  21. his brother, Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1151–1155)
  22. his brother, The Lord Rhys (Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1155–1197)
  23. his son, Gruffydd ap Rhys (1197–1201) who for a time ruled jointly with his brother,
  24. Maelgwn ap Rhys (1199–1230) who disputed the territory with his brother,
  25. Rhys the Hoarse (Rhys Gryg) (1216–1234)
    From 1234 to 1283, Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd
  26. Rhys the Hoarse's son, Rhys Mechyll (1234–1244) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
  27. his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
  28. his son, Rhys ap Maredudd (1271–1283) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
 
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Tarlita said:
I have always had a difficult time understanding why the line went from Queen Ann of the royal house of Stuart to King George of Hanover.
From Stuart to Hanover rather than from Stuart to Plantagenants for instance.
Click to expand...
The short and somewhat snarky answer is "because Parliament said so." The Act of Settlement chose the Electress Sophia and her protestant heirs to succeed Queen Anne. Sophia was the senior protestant heir of the Stuarts. She died just weeks before Anne, so her son became George I. The UK monarch reigns by the will of Parliament.
 
Tarlita said:
I have always had a difficult time understanding why the line went from Queen Ann of the royal house of Stuart to King George of Hanover.
From Stuart to Hanover rather than from Stuart to Plantagenets for instance.
Click to expand...

Simple answer - the Hanoverians descend from the Stuarts while the Plantagenets were a lot further back in the line of succession.

After the Glorious Revolution the line of succession to the throne went to James II and VII's elder daughter, Mary and then to his younger daughter, Anne and then to his nephew William who was married to Mary.

The government asked Mary to become Queen with William as co-monarch and set a line of succession as follows:

Children of William and Mary
Anne
Children of Anne
Children of William by a second wife.

In 1701 it was clear that none of the above was going to happen so parliament had to do something.

Under the decisions made in 1688/89 the one thing that was set was the any new monarch had to be PROTESTANT.

All parliament then did was go through the line of succession to find the first protestant in the line of succession who was also not married to a Roman Catholic. That person was the Electress Sophia.

The parliament then passed a law, which is still in place:

that to be the monarch a person must descend from the body of the Electress Sophia and be in communion with the Church of England.

George I was Sophia's son and so he inherited by an Act of Parliament.

The Plantagenet heirs were simply too far down the line as they didn't descend from the Stuarts or Tudors while the Hanoverians did. The Stuarts did descend from Henry VII via his eldest daughter which is why James VI and I became King after Elizabeth I and why the throne then passed to his great-grandson once the requirement for the new monarch to be protestant.

Parliament simply followed the line of succession and found the first person who met the new criteria.
 
CyrilVladisla said:
Blog Real, Thank you for including Empress Matilda (Queen Maud) in the list. King Henry I had designated her as his successor.
Click to expand...

Sorry, But the Empress Maud (Matilda) was not included in the list. She was married to Geoffrey of Anjou. Her cousin Stephen of Blois was married to another cousin of the Empress (different side of family),. Stephen stole the throne from the Empress who was Henry I designated heir. Stephen and his supporters believed in that time that women could not rule. By their terms maybe it was permissible, By todays terms his action would be extremely illegal.

So the correct Matilda (I do prefer that name to Maud) was not included on that list.
 
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