List of monarchs of Japan


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Japan has been ruled by emperors since antiquity. The sequence, order and dates of the early emperors are almost entirely based on the 8th-century Nihon Shoki, which was meant to retroactively legitimise the Yamato dynasty by dating its foundation further back to the year 660 BCE.​


Known as the Yayoi Period by archaeologists:

1 Jimmu (660–585 BC)
2 Suizei (581–549 BC)
3 Annei (549–511 BC)
4 Itoku (510–476 BC)
5 Kōshō (475–393 BC)
6 Kōan (392–291 BC)
7 Kōrei (290–215 BC)
8 Kōgen (214–158 BC)
9 Kaika (157–98 BC)
10 Sujin (97–30 BC)
11 Suinin (29 BC–AD 70)
12 Keikō (71–130)
13 Seimu (131–191)
14 Chūai (192–200)
15 Ōjin(Hachiman) (270–310)
16 Nintoku (313–399)

Yamato Period (AD 400 –AD 539) - Known as the Kofun Period by archaeologists:​

17 Richū (400–405)
18 Hanzei (406–410)
19 Ingyō (411–453)
20 Ankō (453–456)
21 Yūryaku (456–479)
22 Seinei (480–484)
23 Kenzō or Kensō (485–487)
24 Ninken (488–498)
25 Buretsu (498–506)
26 Keitai (507–531)
27 Ankan (531–536)
28 Senkwa (536–539)

Clearly dated emperors and empresses (AD 539–AD 715):​

29 Kimmei (539–571)
30 Bidatsu (572–585)
31 Yōmei (585–587)
32 Sushun (587–592)
33 Suiko (593–628)
34 Jomei (629–641)
35 Kōgyoku(Saimei) (642–645)
36 Kōtoku(Taika) (645–654)
37 Saimei (655–661)
38 Tenji (661–672)
39 Kōbun (672)
40 Temmu (672–686)
41 Jitō (686–697)
42 Mommu (697–707)
43 Gemmei (707–715)

The Nara Period (AD 715–AD 781):​

44 Genshō(Yoro) (715–724)
45 Shōmu (724–749)
46 Kōken (749–758)
47 Junnin (758–764)
48 Shōtoku (764–770)
49 Kōnin (770–781)

The Heian Period (AD 781–AD 1198):​

50 Kammu or Kwammu (781–806)
51 Heizei (806–809)
52 Saga (809–823)
53 Junna (823–833)
54 Nimmyō (833–850)
55 Montoku (850–858)
56 Seiwa (858–876)
57 Yōzei (876–884)
58 Kōkō (884–887)
59 Uda (887–897)
60 Daigo (897–930)
61 Suzaku (930–946)
62 Murakami (946–967)
63 Reizei (967–969)
64 En'yū (969–984)
65 Kazan (984–986)
66 Ichijō (986–1011)
67 Sanjō (1011–1016)
68 Go-Ichijō (1016–1036)
69 Go-Suzaku (1036–1045)
70 Go-Reizei (1045–1068)
71 Go-Sanjō (1068–1073)
72 Shirakawa (1073–1087 and cloistered rule 1086–1129)
73 Horikawa (1087–1107)
74 Toba (1107–1123 and cloistered rule 1129–1156)
75 Sutoku (1123–1142)
76 Konoe (1142–1155)
77 Go-Shirakawa (1155–1158 and cloistered rule 1158–1192)
78 Nijō (1158–1165)
79 Rokujō (1165–1168)
80 Takakura (1168–1180)
81 Antoku (1180–1185)
82 Go-Toba (1183–1198)

The Kamakura Period (AD 1198–AD 1339):​

83 Tsuchimikado (1198–1210)
84 Juntoku (1210–1221)
85 Chūkyō (1221)
86 Go-Horikawa (1221–1232)
87 Shijō (1232–1242)
88 Go-Saga (1242–1246)
89 Go-Fukakusa (1246–1260)
90 Kameyama (1260–1274)
91 Go-Uda (1274–1287)
92 Fushimi (1287–1298)
93 Go-Fushimi (1298–1301)
94 Go-Nijō (1301–1308)
95 Hanazono (1308–1318)
96 Go-Daigo (1318–1339)

The Muromachi Period (AD 1339–AD 1611):
97 Go-Murakami (1339-1368)
98 Chōkei (1368–1383)
99 Go-Kameyama (1383–1392)

Northern Court (AD 1331–AD 1611):
Northern Ashikaga Pretender 1: Kōgon (1331–1333)
Northern Ashikaga Pretender 2: Kōmyō (1336–1348)
Northern Ashikaga Pretender 3: Sukō (1348–1351)
Interregnum, November 26, 1351 until September 25, 1352
Northern Ashikaga Pretender 4: Go-Kōgon (1352–1371)
Northern Ashikaga Pretender 5: Go-En'yū (1371–1382)


100 Go-Komatsu (1392–1412)
101 Shōkō (1412–1428)
102 Go-Hanazono (1428–1464)
103 Go-Tsuchimikado (1464–1500)
104 Go-Kashiwabara (1500–1526)
105 Go-Nara (1526–1557)
106 Ōgimachi (1557–1586)
107 Go-Yōzei (1586–1611)

The Edo Period (AD 1611–AD 1867):
108 Go-Mizunoo (1611–1629)
109 Meishō (1629–1643)
110 Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
111 Go-Sai (1655–1663)
112 Reigen (1663–1687)
113 Higashiyama (1687–1709)
114 Nakamikado (1709–1735)
115 Sakuramachi (1735–1747)
116 Momozono (1747–1762)
117 Go-Sakuramachi (1762–1771)
118 Go-Momozono (1771–1779)
119 Kōkaku (1780–1817)
120 Ninkō (1817–1846)
121 Kōmei (1846–1867)

Modern Japan (AD 1867–present):
122 Meiji (1867–1912) m. Masako Ichijō
123 Taishō (1912–1926) m. Sadako Kujō
124 Shōwa (1926–1989) m. Nagako Kuni
125 Akihito (1989–2019) m. Michiko Shōda
126 Naruhito (1989–2019) m. Masako Owada

Source:
 
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